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i
Generation Gap(TM)
User's Guide
ii
Copyright 1991
By
Damon M. Farris
Joshua Tree, CA. 92252
All Rights Reserved
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Trade Marks v
INTRODUCTION 1
Registration 1
Definition of Shareware
1
Disclaimer - Agreement 2
Audience 3
Requirements 3
Hardware 3
Memory 4
Overhead 4
Theory of Operation
Overview 4
Dual File Operation 4
Single File Operation 5
File Size 5
About This Manual 5
Installation 5
Objective 5
Backup distribution
diskette 6
Load files 6
General Operation Notes 7
Context Sensitive Help 7
Esc Sequence 7
File Selection from Default
Directory Screen 7
Manual Entry of File Name 8
Select Function Menu 8
Help 8
Browse File 8
Comparing Files 9
Is-Was Block 9
Generated Line Numbers 10
File Inference Using Delta
Mark 10
Composite and Delta Screen
Description 10
Determination of Block Move
11
Loosing Its Way 11
Select Options 11
Skip Line Numbers 12
Expand Tabs 13
Significant Blanks 13
Case Sensitive for
Compare 13
Split Screen Mode 13
Sound for Messages 14
Sound for Prompts 14
Save These Selections 14
Lines Max 14
Read Assumptions 15
Function Bar 15
Help Function 16
Index 22
iv
File1/Composite 16
File2/Delta 16
Split 17
Option 17
Files 17
Print 17
Save 18
File Selection
18
Command Line 18
Dual file functions 18
Single file functions 18
Options 19
GGCL 19
Redirection of Output 19
View Output 20
GGCL Options and Switches 20
Response File 21
Execution Using
Response File 21
v
TRADEMARKS
IBM PC, XT, AT, PS2 and PC DOS are trademarks of
International Business Machines Corporation.
MS DOS is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation
Generation Gap is a trademark of Mutech
vi
1
INTRODUCTION
Registration
Insure you receive all the free upgrades and latest
versions of Generation Gap. Please print and fill out
the register.doc file then remit $25.00 to register the
complete package.
You will receive:
- the latest version of Generation Gap
which does not display the shareware
notice on start up
- a complete detailed user's guide
You may also register for the partial package of your
choice by remitting $15.00 for either GenGap or GGCL
where GenGap is the interactive version and GGCL is the
Command Line version of Generation Gap.
You will receive:
- the latest version of the registered option
which does not display the shareware
notice on start up
If the register.doc file does not exist on this
diskette, please register by sending a note and the
above amount to
Mutech, POB 894
Joshua Tree, CA 92252
For further information, support, or to place an order
call
(818) 881-6112
Definition of Shareware
Shareware distribution gives users a chance to try
software before buying it. If you try a Shareware
program and continue using it, you are expected to
register. Individual programs differ on details --
some request registration while others require it, some
specify a maximum trial period. With registration, you
get anything from the simple right to continue using
the software to an updated program with printed manual.
Copyright laws apply to both Shareware and commercial
software, and the copyright holder retains all rights,
2
with a few specific exceptions as stated below.
Shareware authors are accomplished programmers, just
like commercial authors, and the programs are of
comparable quality. (In both cases, there are good
programs and bad ones!) The main difference is in the
method of distribution. The author specifically grants
the right to copy and distribute the software, either
to all and sundry or to a specific group. For example,
some authors require written permission before a
commercial disk vendor may copy their Shareware.
Shareware is a distribution method, not a type of
software. You should find software that suits your
needs and pocketbook, whether it's commercial or
Shareware. The Shareware system makes fitting your
needs easier, because you can try before you buy.
And because the overhead is low, prices are low also.
Shareware has the ultimate money-back guarantee -- if
you don't use the product, you don't pay for it.
Disclaimer - Agreement
Users of Generation Gap must accept this disclaimer of
warranty: "Generation Gap is supplied as is. The
author disclaims all warranties, expressed or implied,
including, without limitation, the warranties of
merchantability and of fitness for any purpose. The
author assumes no liability for damages, direct or
consequential, which may result from the use of
Generation Gap."
Generation Gap is a "shareware program" and is provided
at no charge to the user for evaluation. Feel free to
share it with your friends, but please do not give it
away altered or as part of another system. The essence
of "user-supported" software is to provide personal
computer users with quality software without high
prices, and yet to provide incentive for programmers to
continue to develop new products. If you find this
program useful and find that you are using Generation
Gap and continue to use Generation Gap after a
reasonable trial period, you must make a registration
payment of $25.00, or $15.00 depending on option
selected, to MuTech. The $25.00 or $15.00 registration
fee will license one copy for use on any one computer
at any one time. You must treat this software just
like a book. An example is that this software may be
used by any number of people and may be freely moved
from one computer location to another, so long as there
is no possibility of it being used at one location
while it's being used at another. Just as a book
cannot be read by two different persons at the same
time.
3
Commercial users of Generation Gap must register and
pay for their copies of Generation Gap within 30 days
of first use or their license is withdrawn. Site-
License arrangements may be made by contacting MuTech.
Anyone distributing Generation Gap for any kind of
remuneration must first contact MuTech at the above
address for authorization. This authorization will be
automatically granted to distributors recognized by the
(ASP) as adhering to its guidelines for shareware
distributors, and such distributors may begin offering
Generation Gap immediately (However MuTech must still
be advised so that the distributor can be kept up-to-
date with the latest version of Generation Gap).
You are encouraged to pass a copy of Generation Gap
along to your friends for evaluation. Please encourage
them to register their copy if they find that they can
use it. All registered users will receive a copy of
the latest version of the Generation Gap system.
Audience
There is one primary use of Generation Gap. That is to
compare two related files to discover the changes made
since the creation of the parent file and the evolution
of the descendent file. This guide will refer to these
files as the master and the semi-clone(1).
While there are many disciplines that need to know
these differences, computer programmers were the in-
tended audience. However, the interest has expanded and
the audience includes Logistic Engineers, Analysts,
Secretaries and anyone else who maintains files of
descending order.
Requirements
Hardware
Generation Gap requires an IBM PC, XT, AT, PS2 or 100%
compatible computer operating with PC DOS or MS DOS
Version 3.0 or later.
____________________
1 We use the term semi-clone here because the
assumption is that it is a descendent of the master
file with just a few differences.
4
Memory
The minimum memory required for Generation Gap is 385K
and may require up to 640K, depending on the number and
the size of the records in the files to be tested. A
rough idea of the requirement can be inferred using the
following as a guide line. Notice that this is in addi-
tion to the 146,000, or more, bytes required for the
executable code that must occupy memory concurrently.
For larger files, use GGCL(2) which is the COMMAND line
version of Generation Gap. GGCL requires only about 86K
to operate leaving more memory for data manipulation.
Overhead
The overhead(3) for each line in the file to be evalu-
ated is as follows:
Browse has no overhead.
Compare is 24 bytes per record per file.
Theory of Operation Overview
Generation Gap performs operations on single or dual
files. The dual file operations are the browse function
and compare function while single file operation is
only the browse function.
Dual File Operation
Browse loads two selected files and displays them in
the desired display mode. This mode may be the second
file entered overlaying the first file or using one of
two Split Screen options, either vertical or
horizontal.
Compare loads two selected files and performs extensive
tests on every line within each file to determine if
the second file input has been changed, inserted,
deleted or moved. Generation Gap assumes the two files
are related and seeks out the lines that match. It uses
these lines to maintain synchronization throughout the
____________________
2 GGCL is the command line version of Generation Gap
which requires less memory to operate. This leaves
more Random Access Memory (RAM) for data processing.
3 Overhead is the number of bytes GG requires to
operate in the particular option chosen in addition to
the raw data loaded into memory from the file.
5
process. Using the divide and conquer technique it
then operates on the undefined smaller blocks between
the matched lines.
Single File Operation
Browse is the only single file operation. If a single
file operation is to be selected, press and hold the
Alt key and then press the F10 key.
File Size
All processing is done within RAM so the size of the
files Generation Gap can process is between 70 and 80K
for each file, depending on the number of lines
contained in each file. A limiting factor is the
overhead used by each line.
About This Manual
There are times within this guide when the terms option
and function are used interchangeably. Actually we try
to identify the functions as:
- Compare
- Browse
with certain options available when these are executed.
We use the term MODE when the options provide alternate
results.
Generation Gap requires no complex procedures to oper-
ate so this user's guide is restricted to showing only
examples of accessing the functions and options.
If there is a requirement for the user to enter data,
the example input is shown inside the symbols "<" ">".
i.e., <TYPE MANUAL.DOC | MORE>
Installation
We will announce the objective such that users who al-
ready have everything down can go ahead and load the
files where and how they wish then skip to General
Operation Notes on page five.
Objective
Using the DOS commands, make a backup of the distribu-
tion diskette.
6
Load all files from the distribution disk into the same
subdirectory and in the current path on the hard drive.
Ensure that GenGap.prf is in the same subdirectory as
GenGap.exe.
Please refer to your system manuals, if necessary, and
resolve any conflicts between the directions in this
guide and your DOS.
Backup distribution diskette
Insert the diskette into drive A and either enter
<diskcopy a: x:> or
<xcopy a:g*.* x:>
where x is either a or b and the term enter means type
the characters and then press the Enter key.
Load files
If you have a favorite subdirectory for tools and util-
ities, then change directories to it.
<cd filespec>
where filespec is the name of the subdirectory. Other-
wise make a subdirectory
<md filespec>
then
<cd filespec>
now load the files by entering
<xcopy a:g*.*>
We assume the backup diskette is in drive a. If it is
in drive b, then of course use b: instead of a:.
Now refer to the DOS manual and insert or append this
new subdirectory to the PATH in the AUTOEXEC.BAT.
After the modification is complete, update the PATH by
entering
<autoexec>
and Generation Gap should be ready to operate.
7
If there is a readme.doc on the distribution diskette,
read it now by entering
<TYPE a:readme.doc | more>
This ensures the latest information not in the user's
guide is conveyed.
You are now free to start Generation Gap and explore as
you refer to this guide or read on. If you're in a
hurry to get output, refer to the topics on GGCL.
Start Generation Gap by entering
<gengap>
General Operation Notes
Context Sensitive Help
GG (Generation Gap) provides help at the current
function or screen level.
For example, when at the Select Function menu and the
cursor is located on the Compare File function, press-
ing F1 will initialize the help screen filled with text
which pertains to that function. This remains true even
if the cursor is on the Help function line when F1 is
pressed.
Esc Sequence
Generation Gap uses the Esc key to back out of each
screen and return to the previous screen. This con-
tinues all the way to the return to DOS. Press Esc if
an error occurs or if any doubt about the circum-
stances.
File Selection from Default Directory Screen
The following actions are taken if a function is chosen
which requires the selection of a file. GG loads the
default directory and presents it for viewing with the
ability to select a file for operation.
Selection may be accomplished by moving around the
screen with the cursor arrows, tab key & back tab, or
the name of the file may be typed into the data entry
field. Location of the cursor is noted by the
highlight of the complete file name. The name of the
file is also posted in the data entry field which is
8
updated with every new cursor location. When the
proper name is in the data entry field, press Enter to
submit the file for type verification. If it is a
valid DOS ASCII(4) type, the selection is complete. If
is isn't, try again.
Manual Entry of File Name
When an alphanumeric key is pressed instead of one of
the cursor keys, the selection process goes into the
manual entry mode. The cursor jumps to the first loca-
tion whose leading character matches the key pressed.
As the second key is pressed, the cursor seeks a more
qualified location if it exists. This seeking contin-
ues until the final key is pressed. Pressing Enter
will select this file for the operation. If the file is
a valid type, the selection is complete as before.
When a function is selected that requires two file
names, both names must be entered prior to leaving the
directory screen.
Select Function Menu
Help
Move the cursor to the function under consideration and
press F1 or the number 1.
Browse File
The ability to browse a file is sometimes necessary af-
ter initializing GG. The number of files that can be
accessed at one function call is two. The first file
selected to browse is loaded into the Composite Window
while the second is placed into the Delta Window. If
only one file is desired, then press Alt F10 to com-
plete the selection otherwise, select the second file.
As with all screens in Generation Gap, pressing Esc
will cancel the immediate screen and return to the pre-
____________________
4 ASCII TYPE, for our purpose, is a text line using the
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
(ASCII) delimited by a Carriage Return and Line Feed.
Some operating systems, i.e., UNIX, does not include
the carriage return character in the text file. Other
files may be of the text type but have embedded control
characters. Still others may be binary files such as
the executable code and many other variations of the
above.
9
vious one. In this case, if Esc is pressed GG will re-
turn to the Select Function menu. Press F2, the number
2, or move the cursor to the active line and press en-
ter to Browse.
Comparing Files
The ability to compare two files which are related is
the primary function of Generation Gap. The usefulness
of the output is directly proportional to the relation
of the files.
Here are two extreme examples.
An example of the output from two files which are not
related will be a Delta Screen that contains all
deleted lines from the master file and all inserted
lines from the semi-clone file. The Composite Screen
will contain the same data.
An example of the output from two files which are iden-
tical will consist of a Delta Screen that contains the
notice "There Are No Differences in These Files" while
the Composite Screen contains the semi-clone or, in
this case, the clone with no embedded markers.
In between these extremes, useful information may be
gleaned depending on how far the relation is removed.
A notice is given as the two files retreat from being
related. Press F3, the number 3, or move the cursor to
active line and press enter to Compare.
Is-Was Block
The algorithm to determine whither or not a line is
only changed instead of inserted or deleted can be ex-
haustive. To keep the program from bogging down, the
default for an unidentifiable block of text is 5
records.
This may be overridden in GGCL but is not an option in
the interactive version of Generation Gap. When this
block is very large, GG spends most of its time search-
ing for records that have a high probability of being
related. That is; every word contained in every line of
the clone file is checked against every word in every
line of the semi-clone file within the block to verify
the change.
When this block is output it can really be scrambled.
If the unidentified block exceeds this default value,
the block is treated as a cohesion of deletes or in-
serts. These marks appear to contain more meaningful
10
information than a mixed block of lines marked as Is-
Was with embedded Inserts and Deletes.
Generation Gap will always take the easy way out to re-
solve an ambiguous problem. Even if it requires the
marking of an unrelated pair of lines with an Ins-Del
combination which may really mean no change has oc-
curred. This action on the data implies a line or
block of text has moved and not detected with MF and
MT.
Generated Line Numbers
As each file is loaded, Generation Gap identifies the
lines and the file where it belongs. This I.D. tag is a
line number relative to the first line in the file.
This information can be used to locate lines or blocks
which have been modified since generation of the master
file.
File Inference Using Delta Mark
GG considers the first file entered as the master file
and the second file entered as the semi-clone. There-
fore, the present tense "Is" implies the line number of
the current file or semi-clone and the past tense "Was"
indicates the line number of the master file. "Del"
also indicates deleted from the master file and "Ins"
implies this is the line number inserted into the semi-
clone.
Composite and Delta Screen Description
The Composite screen contains all records of the semi-
clone file that are identical to the records in the
master file plus all of the differences between the
files. This accounts for extra lines you will notice
inserted in the screen. A line may change positions
within the file because of other records having been
changed, inserted, moved, or deleted.
The Delta screen contains only the records that have
been changed, added, relocated, or removed. When the
number of records exceed the allocated size of the
window, a collision notice is presented and the excess
records are ignored.
There are small fields identified by "More" which has
horizontal arrows on the left and right of the status
line. These fields indicate that more information is
in that direction and pressing the corresponding arrow
will bring it into view.
11
Determination of Block Move
If a block of text has been relocated, say moved from
lines 50 thru 65 to lines 30 thru 45, GG must
synchronize the records after identifying the moved
block. Sometimes the output must be massaged to convey
meaningful information. There will be instances when
the moved block will be shown as a Moved From (MF)
block from one location and a Moved To (MT) block in
another. Then there will be instances where the block
will not be marked but the area above and below will be
shown as moved. The objective is to show as little
movement as possible, so the criterion is to move the
smallest block of text.
In the case above we could argue that lines 46 thru 49
actually moved while 50 thru 65 remained stationary.
Since the outcome is the same, GG indicates the smaller
of the two moved--a lot cleaner.
Loosing Its Way
When the relation of the two files is too far removed,
there just are not enough hooks to maintain reliable
synchronization. When synchronization is lost, or in
doubt, GG will look for the next occurrence of an unam-
biguous(5) match between two records in the files. If
it finds, them it marks the unknown block as Deletes
and Inserts. If it doesn't find them, it marks the
block from the last known unambiguous match to the end
of the files as Deletes and Inserts.
Select Options
The following options are available with the default
selection active:
<< Input Sensitive >>
Skip Line Numbers On
Expand Tabs On
Significant Blanks Off
Case Sensitive for Compare On
____________________
5 Unambiguous match is the instant when one and only
one record in the current file matches one and only one
record in the opposite file. If more than one record
has a match in the same file, it is an ambiguous match.
12
<< Display Sensitive >>
Split Screen Vertical I
Horiz I II
Sound For Messages On
Sound For Prompts On
Save These Selections Yes
Lines Max Off
Note: The Lines Max option is shown only if the
display is capable of this option.
The options are selected by pressing the space bar when
the cursor is on the option under consideration. This
toggles the option from its current state, i.e., if
it's On then it gets turned Off and vis-a-vis, Off when
On.
Skip Line Numbers
This option is included with the computer programmer in
mind. There are several languages which require, or in
the past have required, line numbers. These numbers may
be resequenced or renumbered without any or few changes
to the text itself. However, as far as Generation Gap
is concerned, the lines don't match and a change is
recorded.
To prevent these unreal differences in the files, Skip
Line Numbers must be turned on. GG then steps over the
number and continues with its task as if they weren't
there.
CAUTION
The previous statement must be restricted to the
programmer's arena only or used with extreme care.
An example of the wrong use of Skip Line Numbers is
when two inventory files are compared.
For this purpose, say the first field contains part
numbers that evaluate to a numeric. This field is
skipped and therefore not included in the test of the
record. These conditions provide output that is not
very useful and sometimes downright confusing.
13
Expand Tabs
There may be instances when a line of text hasn't re-
ally been changed except for some reason the tabs have
been expanded in one of the files and not the other.
When this is suspected, turn on Expand Tabs. The expan-
sion requires just a little more time to operate on
each line, but not much.
When Expand Tabs is toggled from Off to On, the tab
stops must be entered. If the boundary is eight, either
enter 8 or press Enter and the default overrides. Oth-
erwise the range of the boundary is 1 thru 8.
Significant Blanks
There are instances when the blank lines within a file
have meaning. If the need to know when these lines have
been inserted, deleted, or changed (expanded or
shortened), toggle Significant Blanks On. Otherwise
they are ignored.
Case Sensitive for Compare
There are instances when a character may be in either
upper or lower case with the results not being
affected. However, there are many times when it is
quite significant. For C programmers it may be very
important while for Basic programmers it may not be.
For other documents it may also be either significant
or not.
If is important to detect whither or not a meaningful
case change has occurred, turn this option on.
When Case Sensitive for Compare is Off, all text is
output in upper case.
Split Screen Mode
Split Screen has two modes of operation. Vertical which
places the Composite Screen beside the Delta Screen and
Horizontal II which places the Composite Screen physi-
cally above the Delta Screen.
In the Horizontal mode the Delta screen will overlay
the Composite screen if the Composite data fills the
monitor. Both of the screens grow to fit the available
text to be displayed. If the size exceeds the
capability of the monitor to display all lines, the
screens limit the growth to fit the monitor. The text
14
can be scrolled up/down or left/right and paged up or
down when it is too large for the view. The current
location of the cursor is highlighted to give a higher
level of concentration while reading the text content
of the line.
The Composite screen grows downward from monitor line 3
while the Delta grows upward from monitor line 24 or
line 42, depending on the current screen mode of the
monitor.
The Horizontal mode is useful when trying to determine
the difference between the lines that changed.
In the Vertical I mode, the field view of each screen
is narrowed and is setup side-by-side. The criterion
for screen growth is the same as above except the Delta
screen now begins on monitor line 3 and grows downward.
The cursor action is also available. The Vertical mode
is useful when trying to verify the location of the
line or block changes within the two files.
Sound for Messages
GG generates a couple of attention getting tones when
there is an important message displayed. This may be
turned off.
Sound for Prompts
The tones generated for the prompts are slightly dif-
ferent from the message tones. Since there are many
prompts, these sounds may become a nuisance and can
also be turned off.
Save These Selections
Simple. It does just that. So the next time GG is in-
voked, the options don't have to be reset unless de-
sired to do so.
Lines Max
Some hardware allows display of more than 25 lines on
the monitor. GG determines if 43 or 50 lines can be
displayed and includes Lines Max to be selected if the
hardware is capable of the option. This is very useful
if the document contains many lines of text.
15
Due to a problem with the ANSI driver in MS-DOS 4.01,
the mode at time of invocation will be maintained if
other than 25 lines are displayed.
Read Assumptions
Generation Gap takes the liberty to assume certain at-
tributes about the files presented. If there is a
deviation from this assumption, then the following
consequence will occur:
In the case of:
line numbers:
the Skip Line Numbers option is considered to
be in the correct mode or undetermined output
is presented.
relativity:
they are closely related or the output is
meaningless.
ASCII types:
the file must be DOS ASCII or the file name
selection is not allowed.
Function Bar
The Function Bar is the menu selected as an alternative
to Pull Down Menus. The operational complexity of Gen-
eration Gap is minimum and requires few function keys
to facilitate the complete function list.
The functions may be exercised by:
moving the cursor arrows up or down and then
pressing Enter.
pressing the corresponding number key.
pressing the corresponding Function key.
The ease of access depends on the type keyboard and
personal preference.
16
Help Function
Help on Help is accomplished by placing the cursor on
the Help line and pressing the F1 key. If the cursor is
located on any other line when the Help access key is
pressed, the help screen is invoked for that particular
function.
File1/Composite
The Composite screen represents both the master file
and the changes that have been made to it using the
current file as an updated version. This screen
contains original lines and the marked elements:
Is The current contents of the line.
Was The old contents of the line.
Ins A new line that has been inserted or
appended to the master file.
Del An old line that has been deleted from
the master file
MF The original location of a line that has
been moved. (Moved From)
MT The new location of a line that has been
moved. (Moved To)
The File1 title is used for the screen when the Browse
function is exercised. The content of the screen is the
first file loaded into Generation Gap.
Press F2 or use either of the other access methods to
display the File1/Composite screen
File2/Delta
The Delta screen represents only the differences be-
tween the master file and the current generation. Each
line is identified as above.
The File2 title is used for the screen when the Browse
function is exercised. The content of the screen is the
second file loaded into Generation Gap if the second
file is selected to browse.
Press F3 or use either of the other access methods to
display the File2/Delta screen.
17
Split
Split selects both of the above screens to be dis-
played. The current option mode determines the method
of display, vertical or horizontal. The vertical mode
shows each screen side-by-side with the Composite on
the left and the Delta on the right. The horizontal
mode shows the Composite above the Delta.
Press F4 or use either of the other access methods to
display the screens in the Split mode.
Option
Option displays the Option menu. This panel allows the
selection of options used while viewing the results of
the selected process through the use of switches. The
selection may be saved for future interrogation. Three
of the options are active during the load process and
must be considered before the selection of a function.
These three are:
Case Sensitive for Compare Default is on
Skip Line Numbers Default is on
Expand Tabs Default is on
The other five may be changed before or after the pro-
cess is selected and were discussed earlier.
Press F5 or use either of the other access methods to
display the Options menu.
Files
Files allow access to the printer and disk drive for
printing or saving the screens. They may be selected
individually or all at one time for the action under
consideration. Press F6 to display the file menu.
Print
Using the cursor arrows, move the highlight to "Print"
and press Enter, or press "P" to display the query of
the file (screen) to print. Use any of the previous
techniques to make a selection. Select the printer ad-
dress.
18
If an error occurs, you will be queried to retry or
abort the print process otherwise, the file is printed.
Save
Using the cursor arrows, move the highlight to Save and
press Enter, or press "S" to display the query of the
file (screen) to save. Use any of the previous tech-
niques to make a selection.
File Selection
The extension of "CMP" is appended to the name of the
master file when saving the Composite screen.
The extension of "DLT" is appended to the name of the
semi-clone when saving the Delta screen.
If the file exists, you will be queried to overwrite.
An answer of yes will overwrite the file. Press Esc to
enter a new file name. Enter the name of the file for
the save.
Command Line
To by-pass entering the file at the directory screen,
the file names and functions may be entered on the
command line when invoking Generation Gap.
Usage is:
"GENGAP filespec1 [filespec2][/option1]...[/option2]"
where filespec1 is the name of the master file and
filespec2 is the name of the semi-clone file. The
square brackets indicate the entry is optional and not
part of the input line. The options are any of the
following functions/options. If an option or function
is entered, it must follow a forward slash.
Dual file functions
Browse Files BR
Compare Files C
Single file functions
Browse Files BR
19
Options
Not Case Sensitive NC
Skip Line Numbers On L
Display Max Lines LI
Expand Tabs Ex Where x is the tab
stop. Default is
8 columns.
GGCL
Generation Gap Command Line(GGCL) is the command line
version of Generation Gap that requires less memory
than GG. The output is to the screen or can be redi-
rected to a file using the redirection symbol.
For example:
To compare two files and print the Composite and Delta
screens to the monitor enter GGCL filenam1 filenam2/c/d
where filenam1 and filenam2 are the file names of your
choice.
Redirection of Output
That works fine for small files; but when the input and
the output are large, it is more useful to send the
output to another file. The data can be viewed with
your editor or by using the TYPE COMMAND and PIPING it
to MORE.
Example:
<GGCL filenam1 filenam2/c/d > filenam3>
where filenam3 is the file name where to save the out-
put and the switches /c and /d tell GGCL to list the
Composite file and the Delta file. The /c must be
entered when the /d option is selected if the Composite
is desired.
CAUTION:
There is no test of the output file name to determine
if it already exists. If there is another file with the
same name, it will be overwritten.
20
View Output
To view filenam3 using the TYPE COMMAND, enter
<TYPE filenam3 | MORE>
and the output file will be displayed one screen at a
time while waiting for any key to be pressed. See the
PC-MS DOS user's guide for more details.
The entry is not case sensitive. The upper case is
shown to indicate the DOS command only. The vertical
bar is the DOS symbol to PIPE the output of TYPE (text
of filenam3) to the input of MORE. Using TYPE without
the pipe and MORE will just print to the monitor and
you must fight the keys to pause the screen. You may
also pipe the output directly to MORE by entering
<GGCL filenam1 filenam2/c/d | MORE>
However the file is only temporary and can't be viewed
later.
GGCL Options and Switches
Option Switch
List Composite /c
List Delta /d
Line Numbers On /l
Expand Tabs /ex where x is the tab
stop...default is 8
Not Case Sensitive /NC default is Case
Sensitive
No Extended ASCII /NE default is Extended
Change Block /Bx where x is the maximum
size of the block to
test for changes...
See Is-Was for a
detailed description
and rationale
No Extended ASCII characters is necessary when the
printer will not print the characters or the printer
font does not contain the IBM graphics characters set.
21
Response File
When it is necessary to interrogate many files for
changes, GGCL will accept a response file.
Create the response file with your editor, and ensure
only one process per line.
Each line must meet the same requirements as if it were
entered from the command line with the exception of the
output. It is not necessary to redirect the output to a
file. GGCL creates its own files by using the first
file name input and then generating an extension
beginning at AAA and incrementing one character per
process. All errors encountered during the process are
also written to the current active file. These files
may then be viewed as before.
Execution Using Response File
Invoke GGCL by entering
<GGCL @ResponseFileName>
The @ character must precede the file name.
The line numbers and markings have the same meaning as
in GG.
If you need reminding of the usage, enter GGCL without
any parameters at the COMMAND line and it will print a
brief description to the display.
For example, enter
<GGCL>
GGCL gives the error message that no file name was en-
tered, but we already knew that. It's the other stuff
we're after. If there are any errors entered on the
COMMAND line, GGCL will post the error message and dis-
play the proper usage.
22
INDEX
Agreement 2 Errors 21
Arrows 7, 10, 15, 17, 18 Esc 7, 9, 18
ASCII 8, 15 key 7
Extended 20 Ex 19, 20
ASP 3 Expand Tabs 11, 13, 17,
Attributes 15 19, 20
Audience 3 Extended ASCII 20
Basic 13 F1 7, 8, 16
Block 9, 10, 11, 14, 20 F2 9, 16
Boundary 13 F3 9, 16
BR 18 F4 17
Browse 4, 5, 8, 9, 16, 18 F5 17
C F6 17
compare 18 File 10
programmers 13 master 9
Cancel 9 Selection 7
Care 12 File Inference 10
Case Sensitive 11, 13, File menu 17
17, 19, 20 File Selection 18
CAUTION 12, 19 File1 16
Changes 3, 12, 14, 16, 21 File1/Composite 16
Clone 9 File2/Delta 16
Command 19, 20 Filespec1 18
Line 1, 18, 21 Filespec2 18
COMMAND line 4, 18, 21 Function 4, 5, 7, 8, 15,
Compare 3, 4, 5, 9, 11, 16, 17, 18
13, 17, 19 keys 15
Files 18 Function Bar 15
Compare File 7 Functions 5, 15, 18
Composite 8, 9, 13, 14, Functions/options 18
16, 17, 19, 20 Generated 14
Screen 10, 13, 18 Generation Gap 9, 18
Consideration 8, 12, 17 Generation Gap
Context Sensitive 7 Command Line 19
Current 6, 7, 12, 14, 16, Gengap 7
17, 21 GG 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14,
file 10 19, 21
Cursor 7, 8, 12, 14, 15, GGCL 1, 4, 7, 9, 19, 20,
16, 17, 18 21
Data entry field 7, 8 Hardware 3, 14
Del 10, 16 Help 7, 8
Deletes 10, 11 Highlight 7, 17, 18
Delta 8, 10, 13, 14, 16, Horizontal 4, 13, 14, 17
17, 19, 20 I.D. tag 10
Screen 9, 10, 16, 18 Input Sensitive 11
Description 20, 21 Ins 10
Differences 3, 9, 10, 12, Insert 6
16 Interactive 1, 9
Directory 7 Is-Was 9, 10
screen 8, 18 Key 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 16,
Disclaimer 2 20
Display Max Lines 19 LI 19
Display Sensitive 12 License 3
Error 7, 18, 21 Line number 10
23
Line Numbers 10, 12, 15, Read Assumptions 15
17, 20, 21 Redirection 19
Lines Max 12, 14 Registration 1, 3
Loosing Its Way 11 Relation 9, 11
Mark 10 Relative 10
Master 3, 9, 10, 16, 18 Relativity 15
file 10, 16 Requirements 3, 21
Master file 10 Save 18, 19
Memory 4, 19 Save These Selections 12,
Message 14, 21 14
Messages 12, 14 Screen 4, 7, 8, 9, 10,
MF 11, 16 13, 14, 16, 17, 18,
Mode 4, 5, 8, 13, 14, 15, 19, 20
17 help 16
More 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, See Is-Was 20
14, 19, 20 Select Function 7, 9
Move 8, 9, 11, 17, 18 Select Options 11
Moved from 11, 16 Selected 4, 5, 8, 12, 14,
Moved To 11, 16 15, 16, 17, 19
MT 11, 16 Selection 7, 8, 11, 15,
Operation 4, 5, 7, 8, 13 17, 18
Option 1, 5, 9, 12, 13, Semi-clone 3, 9, 10, 18
14, 15, 17, 18, 19, file 9
20 Shareware 1, 2
menu 17 distribution 1
mode 17 Significant Blanks 11, 13
Options 4, 5, 11, 12, 14, Single file 4, 5, 18
17, 18, 19, 20 Skip 5, 12, 17
Overhead 4 Skip Line Numbers 11, 12,
PIPE 20 15, 19
PIPING 19 Sound 12, 14
Primary function 9 Split 17
Print 1, 17, 18, 19, 20, Screen 4, 12, 13
21 Switch 20
Printed 18 Synchronize 11
Programmer 12 Test 12, 19, 20
Programmers 3, 13 TYPE 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 19,
Prompts 12, 14 20
Pull Down Menus 15 Unambiguous match 11
Query 17, 18 Vertical 4, 12, 13, 14,
17, 20
Window 8